Two issues are particularly important to international relations: the ability of actors to increase their power by enhancing and exploiting their network positions, and the fungibility of network power. Network analysis challenges conventional views of power in international relations by defining network power in three different ways: access, brokerage, and exit options. Network analysis offers both a toolkit for identifying and measuring the structural properties of networks and a set of theories, typically drawn from contexts outside international relations, that relate structures to outcomes. In contrast, network analysis permits the investigation and measurement of network structures-emergent properties of persistent patterns of relations among agents that can define, enable, and constrain those agents. International relations research has regarded networks as a particular mode of organization, distinguished from markets or state hierarchies.
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